Overblog
Editer l'article Suivre ce blog Administration + Créer mon blog
Le blog de l'information alternative et de la santé naturelle

Les causes chimiques des diverses épidémies de SIDA (fin)

4 Novembre 2010 , Rédigé par motarcs Publié dans #Cancer, Sida, maladies diverses

Page précédente

 

Références

Abouya Y L, Beaumel A, Lucas S, Dago-Akribi A, Coulibaly G, N’Dhatz M, Konan J B, Yapi A and De Cock K M 1992 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. An uncommon cause of death in African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145 617–620
Achard C, Bernard H and Gagneux C 1909 Action de la morphine sur les proprietes leucocytaires; leuco-diagnostic du morphinisme; Bull. Mem. Soc. Med. Hopitaux Paris 28 3rd Series 958–966
Adams J 1989 AIDS: The HIV myth (New York: St. Martin’s Press)
Alcabes P, Schoenbaum E E and Klein R S 1993 Correlates of the rate of decline of CD4+ lymphocytes among injection drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; Am. J. Epidemiol. 137 989–1000
Altman L 2001a The AIDS questions that linger; New York Times, New York, January 30, p. F1
Altman L 2001b US Panel seeks Changes in Treatment of AIDS Virus; New York Times, New York, February 4, p. 16
Altman L 2001c US warns doctors to limit use of anti-HIV drug; New York Times, New York, January 5, p. A12
Altman L K 1984 Researchers believe AIDS virus is found; New York Times, New York, April 24, p. C1, C3
Altman L K 2002 Many Americans with HIV don’t know it or don’t seek care study shows; New York Times, New York, February 26, p. A20
Anand R, Reed C, Forlenza S, Siegal F, Cheung T and Moore J 1987 Non-cytocidal natural variants of human immunodeficiency virus isolated from AIDS patients with neurological disorders; Lancet 2 234–238
Anderson R M 1996 The spread of HIV and sexual mixing patterns; in AIDS in the World II (Oxford: Oxford University Press) pp 71–86
Anonymous 1999 Rapid disease progression in HIV-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. The Italian register for HIV Infection in Children; Aids 13 927–933
Archer C B, Spittle M F and Smith N P 1989 Kaposi’s sarcoma in a homosexual – 10 years on; Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 14 233–236
Archibald C P, Schechter M T, Le T N, Craib K J P, Montaner J S G and O’Shaughnessy M V 1992 Evidence for a sexually transmitted cofactor for AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual men; Epidemiology 3 203–209
Ascher M S, Sheppard H W, Winkelstein W Jr and Vittinghoff E 1993a Does drug use cause AIDS?; Nature (London) 362 103–104
Ascher M S, Sheppard H W, Winkelstein W Jr and Vittinghoff E 1993b Aetiology of AIDS; Lancet 341 1223
Ascher M S, Sheppard H W and Winkelstein W Jr 1995 AIDSassociated Kaposi’s sarcoma (letter); Science 267 1080
Associated Press 2001 Delaying HIV drugs may be OK; New York Times, New York, November 27
Ayers K M 1988 Preclinical Toxicology of Zidovudine; Am. J. Med. (Suppl. 2A) 85 186–188
Bacellar H, Munoz A, Miller E N, Cohen B A, Besley D, Selnes O A, Becker J T and McArthur J C 1994 Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study 1985–1992; Neurology 44 1892–1900
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann J C, Rey F, Nugeyre M T, Chamaret S, Gruest C, Dauget C, Axler-Blin C, Vezinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W and Montagnier L 1983 Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); Science 220 868–871
Bayley A C 1984 Aggressive Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 1983; Lancet 1 1318–1320
Beral V, Peterman T A, Berkelman R L and Jaffe H W 1990 Kaposi’s sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a sexually transmitted infection?; Lancet 335 123–128
Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Moscato M L G, Veber F, Mayaux M J, Jacomet C, Tricoire J, Deville A, Vial M, Firtion G, de Crepy A, Douard D, Robin M, Courpotin C, Ciran-Vineron N, Le Deist F, Griscelli C and the HIV Infection in Newborns French Collaborative Study Group 1989 A prospective study of infants born to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1; N. Engl. J. Med. 320 1643–1648
Blanche S, Tardieu M, Rustin P, Slama A, Barret B, Firtion G, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Lacroix C, Rouzioux C, Mandelbrot L, Desguerre I, Rotig A, Mayaux M J and Delfraissy J F 1999 Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues; Lancet 354 1084–1089
Blattner W A, Gallo R C and Temin H M 1988 HIV causes AIDS; Science 241 514–515
Botnick M R, Heath K V, Cornelisse P G, Strathdee S A, Martindale S L and Hogg R S 2002 Correlates of suicide attempts in an open cohort of young men who have sex with men; Can. J. Public Health 93 59–62
Braeu N, Leaf H L, Wieczorck R L and Margolis D M 1997 Severe hepatitis in three AIDS patients treated with Indinavir; Lancet 349 924–925
Brandt A M 1988 AIDS in historical perspective: Four lessons from the history of sexually transmitted diseases; Am. J. Public Health 78 367–371
Bregman D J and Langmuir A D 1990 Farr’s law applied to AIDS projections; J. Am. Med. Assoc. 263 50–57
Brinkman K, Smeitink J A, Romijn J A and Reiss P 1999 Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy; Lancet 354 1112–1115
Bull S S, Piper P and Rietmeijer C 2002 Men who have sex with men and also inject drugs-profiles of risk related to the synergy of sex and drug injection behaviors; J. Homosex 42 31–51
Cairns J 1978 Cancer: science and society (San Francisco: W H Freeman)
Cairns J 1997 Matters of life and death; perspectives on public health, molecular biology, cancer and the prospects for the human race (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press)
Cao Y, Quin L, Zhang L, Safrit J and Ho D D 1995 Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of Long-Term Survivors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection; N. Engl. J. Med. 332 201–208
Carr A, Miller J, Law M and Cooper D A 2000 A syndrome of lipoatrophy, lactic acidaemia and liver failure dysfunction with HIV nucleoside analogue therapy: contribution to protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy syndrome; Aids 14 F25–F32
Carr A, Morey A, Mallon P, Williams D and Thorburn D R 2001 Fatal portal hypertension, liver failure, and mitochondrial dysfunction after HIV-1 nucleoside analogue-induced hepatitis and lactic acidaemia; Lancet 357 1412–1414
Centers for Disease Control 1981a Koposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men – New York city and California; Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 30 305–308
Centers for Disease Control 1981b Update on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 31 507–514
Centers for Disease Control 1985 Revision of the case definition of AIDS for national reporting – United States; Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 34 373–375
Centers for Disease Control (ed.) 1986 Reports on AIDS published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 1981 through February 1986 (US Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA)
Centers for Disease Control 1987 Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Jama 258 1143–1154
Centers for Disease Control 1992 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults; Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 41 (No. RR17) 1–19
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997 US HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 1997; Year-end Edition 9 1–43
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2001 US HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 2001; HIV/AIDS Surveillance Rep. 13 1–44
Cheakalos C and Rosza L 2002 Positive Approach; People, 4 March, 95–96
Cherry M 2000 Mbeki gives AIDS scientists the cold shoulder; Nature (London) 406 113
Christensen D 2000 Taking a break; Can interrupting their treatment benefit HIV-infected people?; Sci. News 157 248–249
Clark S J, Saag M S, Decker W D, Campbell-Hill S, Roberson J L, Veldkamp P J, Kappes J C, Hahn B H and Shaw G M 1991 High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-infection; N. Engl. J. Med. 324 954–960
Clinton W and The White House 1996 The National Drug Control Strategy (Washington DC: The White House)
Coffin J, Haase A, Levy J A, Montagnier L, Oroszlan S, Teich N, Temin H, Varmus H, Vogt P and Weiss R 1986 Human immunodeficiency viruses; Science 232 697
Cohen J 1993 HHS: Gallo guilty of misconduct; Science 259 168–170
Cohen J 1994 The Duesberg Phenomenon; Science 266 1642–1649
Cohen J 2003 HIV/AIDS. Vaccine results lose significance under scrutiny; Science 299 1495
Cohen S S 1987 Antiretroviral therapy for AIDS; N. Engl. J. Med. 317 629
Colebunders R, Mann J, Francis H, Bila K, Izaley L, Kakonde N, Kabasele K, Ifoto L, Nzilambi N, Quinn T, van der Groen G, Curran J, Vercauten B and Piot P 1987 Evaluation of a clinical case definition of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Africa; Lancet 1 492–494
Colfax G N, Mansergh G, Guzman R, Vittinghoff E, Marks G, Rader M and Buchbinder S 2001 Drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men who attend circuit parties: a venue-based comparison; J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. 28 373–379
Connor E M, Sperling R S, Gelber R, Kiselev P, Scott G, O’Sullivan M J, VanDyke R, Bey M, Shearer W, Jacobson R L, Jimenez E, O’Neill E, Bazin B, Delfraissy J-F, Culnane M, Coombs R, Elkins M, Moye J, Stratton P, Balsley J and Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group 1994 Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 With Zidovudine Treatment; N. Engl. J. Med. 331 1173–1180
Costello R B (ed.) 1995 Webster’s College Dictionary (New York: Random House)
Craib K J, Weber A C, Cornelisse P G, Martindale S L, Miller M L, Schechter M T, Strathdee S A, Schilder A and Hogg R S 2000 Comparison of sexual behaviors unprotected sex and substance use between two independent cohorts of gay and bisexual men; Aids 14 303–311
Cronkite E P and Bullis J 1990 In vivo toxicity of 3¢-azido-2¢, 3¢-dideoxythymindine (AZT) on CBA/Ca mice; Int. J. Cell Cloning 8 332–345
Curran J, Lawrence D N, Jaffe H, Kaplan J E, Zyla L D, Chamberland M, Weinstein R, Lui K-J, Schonberger L B, Spira T J, Alexander W J, Swinger G, Ammann A, Solomon S, Auerbach D, Mildvan D, Stoneburner R, Jason J M, Haverkos H W and Evatt B L 1984 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with transfusions; N. Engl. J. Med. 310 69–75
Curran J W, Morgan M W, Hardy A M, Jaffe H W, Darrow W W and Dowdle W R 1985 The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects; Science 229 1352–1357
Daar E S, Moudgil T, Meyer R D and Ho D D 1991 Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection; N. Engl. J. Med. 324 961–964
Dalakas M C, Illa I, Pezeshkpour G H, Laukaitis J P, Cohen B and Griffin J L 1990 Mitochondrial myopathy caused by long-term zidovudine therapy; N. Engl. J. Med. 322 1098–1105
Darby S C, Ewart D W, Giangrande P L F, Dolin P J, Spooner R J D, Rizza C R and on behalf of the UK Haemophilia Centre Directors’ Organisation 1995 Mortality before and after HIV infection in the complete UK population of haemophiliacs (letter); Nature (London) 377 79–82
Darrow W W, Echenberg D F, Jaffe H W, O’Malley P M, Byers R H, Getchell J P and Curran J W 1987 Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men; Am. J. Publ. Health 77 479–483
Day M 2000 No more cocktails; New Scientist, 16 December, p. 7
de Harven E 1999 Viral etiology of human cancer: a historical perspective; Haematologica 84 385–389
de Souza R S, Gomez-Marin O, Scott G B, Guasti S, O’Sullivan M J, Oliveira R H and Mitchell C D 2000 Effect of prenatal zidovudine on disease progression in perinatally HIV-1-infected infants; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 24 154–161
Deeks S G, Smith M, Holodniy M and Kahn J O 1997 HIV-1 protease inhibitors. A review for clinicians; Jama 277 145–153
Diamond C, Thiede H, Perdue T, MacKellar D, Valleroy L A and Corey L 2001 Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 among young men who have sex with men; Sex Transm. Dis. 28 176–183
Dournon E, Matheron S, Rozenbaum W, Gharakhanian S, Michon C, Girard P M, Perrone C, Salmon D, DeTruchis P, Leport C and the Claude Bernard Hospital AZT Study Group 1988 Effects of zidovudine in 365 consecutive patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex; Lancet 2 1297–1302
Downs A M, Ancelle R A, Jager H J and Brunet J B 1987 AIDS in Europe: current trends and short-term predictions estimated from surveillance data, January 1981–June 1986; Aids 1 53–57
Duesberg P and Bialy H 1996 Duesberg and the Right of Reply According to Maddox – Nature; in AIDS: Virus- or drug induced? (ed.) P H Duesberg (Dordrecht: Kluwer) pp 111–125
Duesberg P H 1987 Retroviruses as carcinogens and pathogens: expectations and reality; Cancer Res. 47 1199–1220
Duesberg P H 1988 HIV is not the cause of AIDS; Science 241 514–516
Duesberg P H 1992 AIDS acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors; Pharmacol. Therapeutics 55 201–277
Duesberg P H 1993a Aetiology of AIDS; Lancet 341 1544
Duesberg P H 1993b HIV and AIDS; Science 260 1705–1706
Duesberg P H 1993c HIV and the aetiology of AIDS; Lancet 341 957–958
Duesberg P H 1993d The HIV gap in national AIDS statistics; Biotechnology 11 955–956
Duesberg P H 1994 Infectious AIDS – stretching the germ theory beyond its limits; Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 103 131–142
Duesberg P H 1995a AIDS Data; Science 268 350–351
Duesberg P H 1995b “The Duesberg-Phenomenon”: Duesberg and Other Voices (letter); Science 267 313–314
Duesberg P H 1995c Foreign-protein-mediated immunodeficiency in hemophiliacs with and without HIV; Genetica 95 51–70
Duesberg P H 1995d Is HIV the cause of AIDS? (letter); Lancet 346 1371–1372
Duesberg P H 1996a Commentary: non-HIV hypotheses must be studied more carefully; Br. Med. J. 312 210–211
Duesberg P H 1996b Inventing the AIDS Virus (Washington: Regnery Publishing Inc.)
Duesberg P H and Rasnick D 1998 The AIDS dilemma: drug diseases blamed on a passenger virus; Genetica 104 85–132
Dukers N H, Renwick N, Prins M, Geskus R B, Schulz T F, Weverling G J, Coutinho R A and Goudsmit J 2000 Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity and seroconversion in a cohort of homosexual men; Am. J. Epidemiol. 151 213–224
Durack D T 1981 Opportunistic infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men; N. Engl. J. Med. 305 1465–1467
Eggers H J and Weyer J J 1991 Linkage and independence of AIDS Kaposi disease: The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and some coagents; Infection 19 115–122
Ellison B J, Downey A B and Duesberg P H. 1996 HIV as a surrogate marker for drug-use: a re-analysis of the San Francisco Men’s Health Study. in AIDS: virus- or drug induced? (ed.) P H Duesberg (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers) pp 97–104
Enserink M 2001 Old guard urges virologists to go back to basics; Science 293 24–25
European Collaborative Study 1991 Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: natural history and risk of transmission; Lancet 337 253–260
Farber C 1998 AZT Roulette; Mothering 90 52–65
Fellay J, Boubaker K, Ledergerber B, Bernasconi E, Furrer H, Battegay M, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Francioli P, Greub G, Flepp M and Telenti A 2001 Prevalence of adverse events associated with potent antiretroviral treatment: Swiss HIV Cohort Study; Lancet 358 1322–1327
Fenner F, McAuslan B R, Mims C A, Sambrook J and White D O 1974 The biology of animal viruses (New York: Academic Press)
Fiala C 1998 AIDS in Africa: dirty tricks; NewAfrican April, pp 36–38
Fiala C, de Harven E, Herxheimer A, Kohnlein C, Mhlongo S and Stewart G T 2002 HIV/AIDS data in South Africa; Lancet 359 1782
Fields B 2001 Field’s virology (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Fischl M A, Richman D D, Grieco M H, Gottlieb M S, Volberding P A, Laskin O L, Leedon J M, Groopman J E, Mildvan D, Schooley R T, Jackson G G, Durack D T, King D and the AZT Collaborative Working Group 1987 The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex; N. Engl. J. Med. 317 185–191
Fischl M A, Richman D D, Causey D M, Grieco M H, Bryson Y, Mildvan D, Laskin O L, Groopman J E, Volberding P A, Schooley R T, Jackson G G, Durack D T, Andrews J C, Nusinoff-Lehrman S, Barry D W and the AZT Collaborative working Group 1989 Prolonged zidovudine therapy in patients with AIDS and advanced AIDS-related complex; Jama 262 2405–2410
Fischl M A, Stanley K, Collier A C, Arduino J M, Stein D S, Feinberg J E, Allan J D, Goldsmith J C and Powderly W G 1995 Combination and monotherapy with zidovudine and zalcitabine in patients with advanced HIV disease. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group; Ann. Int. Med. 122 24–32
Fogelman I, Lim L, Bassett R, Volberding P, Fischl M A, Stanley K, Cotton D J for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 1994 Prevalence and patterns of use of concomitant medications among participants in three multicenter human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clinical trials; J. Aquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 7 1057–1063
France D 2001 The angry prophet is dying: Controversial author Larry Kramer is a one-man history of the AIDS struggle, from early activism to the fading hope of medical salvation; Newsweek June, pp 42–46
Francis D P, Curran J W and Essex M 1983 Epidemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Epidemiologic evidence for a
transmissible agent; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 71 1–4
Fujimura J 1996 Crafting science; a sociohistory of the quest for the genetics of cancer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)
Gallo R C, Salahuddin S Z, Popovic M, Shearer G M, Kaplan M, Haynes B F, Palker T J, Redfield R, Oleske J, Safai B, White G, Foster P and Markham P D 1984 Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retrovirus (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS; Science 224 500–503
Gellman B 2000 S. African President Escalates AIDS Feud; Washington Post, April 19, p. A01
Gerhard S 2001 Safe and sound underground: HIV-positive women birthing outside the system; Mothering September/October, pp 42–57
Gerschenson M, Erhart S W, Paik C Y, St Claire M C, Nagashima K, Skopets B, Harbaugh S W, Harbaugh J W, Quan W and Poirier M C 2000 Fetal mitochondrial heart and skeletal muscle damage in Erythrocebus patas monkeys exposed in utero to 3¢-azido-3¢-deoxythymidine; AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16 635–644
Gibbons J 1996 Drugs & Us; Gay Times (London), September, pp 17–37
Gill P S, Rarick M, Byrnes R K, Causey D, Loureiro C and Levine A M 1987 Azidothymidine associated with bone marrow failure in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); Ann. Int. Med. 107 502–505
Gisselquist D, Rothenberg R, Potterat J and Drucker E 2002 HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa not explained by sexual or vertical transmission; Int. J. STD AIDS 13 657–666
Goedert J J, Cohen A R, Kessler C M, Eichinger S, Seremetis S V, Rabkin C S, Yellin F J, Rosenberg P S and Aledort L M 1994 Risks of immunodeficiency, AIDS, and death related to purity of factor VIII concentrate; Lancet 344 791–792
Goedert J J, Neuland C Y, Wallen W C, Greene M H, Mann D L, Murray C, Strong D M, Fraumeni J F Jr and Blattner W A 1982 Amyl nitrite may alter T lymphocytes in homosexual men; Lancet 1 412–416
Goodgame R W 1990 AIDS in Uganda-clinical and social features; N. Engl. J. Med. 323 383–389
Gottlieb M S, Schroff R, Schanker H M, Weisman J D, Fan P T, Wolf R A and Saxon A 1981 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency; N. Engl. J. Med. 305 1425–1431
Grossman S J, Reinfoed N, Eydelloth R S, Alberts D W, Smith P F and Patrick D H 1997 Hepatotoxicity of an HIV protease inhibitor in dogs and rats; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 146 40–52
Hall C T 1996 AIDS advances boost drugmaker; San Francisco Chronicle, August 1, pp E1–E2
Harper M E, Marselle L M, Gallo R C and Wong-Staal F 1986 Detection of lymphocytes expressing human T-lymphotropic virus type III in lymph nodes and peripheral blood from infected individuals by in situ hybridization; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 772–776
Haverkos H 1988 Epidemiologic studies – Kaposi’s sarcoma vs. opportunistic infections among homosexual men with AIDS; in Health hazards of nitrite inhalants (eds) H W
Haverkos and J A Doughertry (Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse) pp 96–105
Haverkos H W 1996 Is Kaposi sarcoma caused by new herpesvirus?; Biomed. Pharmacother. 50 318–319
Haverkos H W and Dougherty J A (eds) 1988 Health hazards of nitrite inhalants (83 NIDA Research Monograph, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC)
Haverkos H W and Drotman D P 1995 Measuring inhalant nitrite exposure in gay men: implications for elucidating the etiology of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma; Genetica 95 157–164
Haverkos H W and Drotman D P 1996 NIDA technical review: nitrite inhalants; Biomed. Pharmacother. 50 228–230
Haverkos H W, Drotman D P and Hanson D 1994 Surveillance for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS): update; NIDA/ CDC, Rockville, MD/Atlanta, GA May
Haverkos H W, Pinsky P F, Drotman D P and Bregman D J 1985 Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi’s sarcoma; J. Sex. Trans. Dis. 12 203–208
Hazenberg M D, Hamann D, Schuitemaker H and Miedema F 2000 T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: how CD4+ T cells go out of stock; Nature Immunol. 1 285–289
Hearst N and Hulley S 1988 Preventing the heterosexual spread of AIDS: Are we giving our patients the best advice?; Jama 259 2428–2432
Hendrix A 2002 Artist’s perception stroked by his longtime HIV status; San Francisco Chronicle, March 20
Heredia C 2003a Dance of death, first of three parts: crystal meth fuels HIV; San Francisco Chronicle, May 4, p. A1
Heredia C 2003b Ph D Takes fall to addiction; San Franscisco Chronicle, May 5, p. A1
Heresi G P, Caceres E, Atkins J T, Rueben J and Doyle M 1997 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus but were not infected: an exception to the AIDS Surveillance case definition; Clin. Infect. Dis. 25 739–740
Hitchcock M J M 1991 Review: Antiviral portrait series Number 1; 2¢,3¢-Didehydro-2¢,3¢-dideoxythymidine (D4T), an anti-HIV agent; Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2 125–132
Ho D D 1995 Time to hit HIV, early and hard; N. Engl. J. Med.333 450–451
Ho D D, Neumann A U, Perelson A S, Chen W, Leonard J M and Markowitz M 1995 Rapid Turnover of Plasma Virions and CD4 Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection: Nature (London) 373 123–126
Hodgkinson N 1996 AIDS: the failure of contemporary science (London: Fourth Estate)
Hodgkinson N 2001 Molecular miscarriage: Is the HIV theory a tragic mistake?; Mothering September/October, pp 58–73
Hogg R S, Yip B, Chan K J, Wood E, Craib K J, O’Shaughnessy M V and Montaner J S 2001 Rates of Disease Progression by Baseline CD4 Cell Count and Viral Load After Initiating Triple-Drug Therapy; Jama 286 2568–2577
Hoots K and Canty D 1998 Clotting factor concentrates and immune function in haemophilic patients; Haemophilia 4 704–713
Hoover D R, Rinaldo C, He Y, Phair J, Fahey J and Graham N M 1995 Long-term survival without clinical AIDS after CD4+ cell counts fall below 200 • 10(6)/1; Aids 9 145–152
Horton R 1995 Will Duesberg now concede defeat?; Lancet 346 656
Horwitz J P, Chua J and Noel M 1964 Nucleosides. V. The monomesylates of 1-(2¢-deoxy-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl) thymidine; J. Org. Chem. 29 2076
Hoxie J A, Haggarty B S, Rakowski J L, Pillsbury N and Levy J A 1985 Persistent noncytopathic infection of normal human T lymphocytes with AIDS-associated retrovirus; Science 229 1400–1402
Inoue T, Cronkite E P, Hirabayashi Y, Bullis J E Jr, Mitsui H and Umemura T 1997 Lifetime treatment of mice with azidothymidine (AZT) produces myelodysplasia; Leukemia (Suppl. 3) 11 123–127
Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences 1986 Confronting AIDS (Washington DC: National Academy Press)
Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences 1988 Confronting AIDSUpdate 1988 (Washington DC: National Academy Press)
Jacobson M A, de Miranda P, Gordon S M, Blum M R, Volberding P and Mills J 1988 Prolonged pancytopenia due to combined ganciclovir and zidovuduine therapy; J. Infect. Dis. 158 489–490
Jacquez J A, Koopman J S, Simon C P and Longini Jr I M 1994 Role of the primary infection in epidemics of HIV infection in gay cohorts; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 7 1169–1184
Jaffe H W, Choi K, Thomas P A, Haverkos H W, Auerbach D M, Guinan M E, Rogers M F, Spira T J, Darrow W W, Kramer M A, Friedman S M, Monroe J M, Friedman-Kien A E, Laubenstein L J, Marmor M, Safai B, Dritz S K, Crispi S J, Fannin S L, Orkwis J P, Kelter A, Rushing W R, Thacker S B and Curran J W 1983 National case-control study of Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 1, Epidemiologic results; Ann. Int. Med. 99 145–151
Johnson J A 2000 AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-FY2001 (Congressional Research Service/ The Library of Congress)
Kaslow R A, Blackwelder W C, Ostrow D G, Yerg D, Palenicek J, Coulson A H and Valdiserri R O 1989 No evidence for a role of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs in accelerating immunodeficiency in HIV-1-positive individuals; Jama 261 3424–3429
Kline M W, Van Dyke R B, Lindsey J C, Gwynne M, Culnane M, McKinney R E, Nichols S, Mitchell W G, Yogev R, Hutcheon N and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 240 Team 1998 A randomized comparative trial of stavudine (d4T) versus zidovudine (ZDU, AZT) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection; Pediatrics 101 214–220
Kolata G 1987 Imminent marketing of AZT raises problems; Marrow suppression hampers AZT use in AIDS victims; Science 235 1462–1463
Konotey-Ahulu F I D 1987a AIDS in Africa: Misinformation and disinformation; Lancet 2 206–207
Konotey-Ahulu F I D 1987b Clinical epidemiology, not seroepidemiology, is the answer to Africa’s AIDS problem; Br. Med. J. 294 1593–1594
Konotey-Ahulu F I D 1989 What is AIDS? (Watford, England: Tetteh-A’Domenco)
Kuhn L, Abrams E J, Weedon J, Lambert G, Schoenbaum E E, Nesheim S R, Palumbo P, Vink P E and Bulterys M 2000 Disease progression and early viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children exposed to zidovudine during prenatal and perinatal periods; J. Infect. Dis. 182 104–111
Kumar R M, Hughes P F and Khurranna A 1994 Zidovudine use in pregnancy: a report on 104 cases and the occurence of birth defects; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 7 1034–1039
Lang S 1998 Challenges (New York: Springer)
Langhoff E, McElrath J, Bos H J, Pruett J, Granelli-Piperno A, Cohn Z A and Steinman R M 1989 Most CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected patients can undergo prolonged clonal expansion; J. Clin. Invest. 84 1637–1643
Lauritsen J 1994 NIH reconsiders nitrites’ link to AIDS; Biotechnology 12 762–763
Lauritsen J and Wilson H 1986 Death rush, poppers and AIDS (New York: Pagan Press)
Learmont J, Tindall B, Evans L, Cunningham A, Cunningham P, Wells J, Penny R, Kaldor J and Cooper D A 1992 Longterm symptomless HIV-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor; Lancet 340 863–867
Lerner W D 1989 Cocaine abuse and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: tale of two epidemics; Am. J. Med. 87 661–663
Levy J A 1998 Caution: should we be treating HIV infection early?; Lancet 352 982–983
Levy J A, Hoffman A D, Kramer S M, Landis J A and Shimabukuro J M 1984 Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS; Science 225 840–842
Lifson A R, Darrow W W, Hessol N A, O’Malley P M, Barnhart J L, Jaffe H W and Rutherford G W 1990 Kaposi’s sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men: epidemiology and analysis for cofactors; Am. J. Epidemiol. 131 221–231
Lori F, Maserati R, Foli A, Seminari E, Timpone J and Lisziewicz J 2000 Structured treatment interruptions to control HIV-1 infection; Lancet 355 287–288
Los Angeles Times 1998 Clinton to announce new drug plan; San Francisco Chronicle, February 13, p. A17
Maddox J 1993 Has Duesberg a right of reply?; Nature (London) 363 109
Maddox J 1995 More conviction on HIV and AIDS; Nature(London) 377 1
Maggiore C 2000 What if everything you thought you knew about AIDS was wrong? (Los Angeles: The American Foundation for AIDS Alternatives)
Malan R 2001 AIDS in Africa in search of the truth; Rolling Stone, 22 November, pp 70–72, 74–78, 80, 82, 100, 102
Mansergh G, Colfax G N, Marks G, Rader M, Guzman R and Buchbinder S 2001 The Circuit Party Men’s Health Survey: findings and implications for gay and bisexual men; Am. J. Public Health 91 953–958
Marmor M, Friedman-Kien A E, Laubenstein L, Byrum R D, William D C, D’Onofrio S and Dubin N 1982 Risk factors for Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men; Lancet 1 1083–1087
Marx J 1984 Strong new candidate for AIDS agent; Science 224 475–477
Mathur-Wagh U, Enlow R W, Spigland I, Winchester R J, Sacks H S, Rorat E, Yancovitz S R, Klein M J, William D C and Mildvan D 1984 Longitudinal study of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men: Relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Lancet 1 1033–1038
Mattison A M, Ross M W, Wolfson T and Franklin D 2001 Circuit party attendance, club drug use, and unsafe sex in gay men; J. Subst. Abuse 13 119–126
McCune J M 2001 The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease; Nature (London) 410 974–979
McKallip R J, Nagarkatti M and Nagarkatti P S 1995 Immunotoxicity of AZT: Inhibitory Effect on Thymocyte Differentiation and Peripheral T Cell Responsiveness to gp120 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 131 53–62
McManus T J, Starrett L A and Harris J R W 1982 Amyl Nitrite Use by Homosexuals; Lancet 1 503
McNall M and Remafedi G 1999 Relationship of amphetamine and other substance use to unprotected intercourse among young men who have sex with men; Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 153 1130–1135
Merriam-Webster (ed.) 1965 Webster’s Third International Dictionary (Springfield, MA: G & C Merriam)
Migueles S A, Sabbaghian M S, Shupert W L, Bettinotti M P, Marincola F M, Martino L, Hallahan C W, Selig S M, Schwartz D, Sullivan J and Connors M 2000 HLA B*5701 is highly associated with restriction of virus replication in a subgroup of HIV-infected long term nonprogressors; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 2709–2714
Mims C and White D O 1984 Viral pathogenesis and immunology (Oxford: Blackwell)
Mir N and Costello C 1988 Zidovudine and bone marrow; Lancet 2 1195–1196
Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton S E, Dietrich M, Proenca R, Colebunders R, Pradier C, dArminio Monforte A, Ledergerber B and Lundgren J D 1999 Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. EuroSIDA study group; Aids 13 943–950
Moss A R 1987 AIDS and intravenous drug use: the real heterosexual epidemic; Br. Med. J. 294 389–390
Moye J, Rich K C, Kalish L A, Sheon A R, Diaz C, Cooper E R, Pitt J, Handelsman E and for the Women and Infants Transmission Study Group 1996 Natural history of somatic growth in infants born to women infected by human immunodeficiency virus; J. Pediatr. 128 58–67
Munoz A 1995 Disease progression; 15 percent of HIV-infected men will be long-term survivors; AIDS Weekly (News Report) May 15 and 29, 5–6, 3–4
Namango N and World Food Program of the United Nations 2001 AIDS und Hunger haengen zusammen; Frankfurter Rundschau, July 20
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health 2001 The evidence that HIV causes AIDS (US government web site: www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/evidhiv)
Newell G R, Adamas S C, Mansell P W A and Hersh E M 1984 Toxicity, immunosupprressive effects, and carcinogenic
potential of volatile nitrites: possible relationship to Kaposi’s sarcoma; Pharmacotherapy 4 284–291
Newell G R, Mansell P W A, Spitz M R, Reuben J M and Hersh E M 1985 Volatile nitrites: Use and adverse effects related to the current epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Am. J. Med. 78 811–816
Newell G R, Spitz M R and Wilson M B 1988 Nitrite inhalants: Historical perspective; in Health hazards of nitrite inhalants (eds) H W Haverkos and J A Dougherty (Rockville, MD: National Institue of Drug Abuse) pp 1–14
Newschaffer C J, Zhang D, Hauck W W, Fanning T and Turner B J 1999 Effect of enhanced prenatal and HIV-focused services for pregnant women who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus on emergency department use; Med. Care 37 1308–1319
Novick B E and Rubinstein A 1987 AIDS–The paediatric perspective; Aids 1 3–7
Nussbaum B 1990 Good intentions: How big business politics and medicine are corrupting the fight against AIDS (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press)
O'Brien S J 1997 The HIV-AIDS debate is over; HIV Newsline 4 3–9
O'Brien S J and Goedert J J 1996 HIV causes AIDS: Koch's postulates fulfilled; Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8 613–618
Oliver R T D 2000 Though HIV is the main cause of AIDS, other factors play a role; Nature (London) 406 673
Olivero O A, Anderson L M, Diwan B A, Haines D C, Harbaugh S W, Moskal T J, Jones A B, Rice J M, Riggs C W, Logsdon D, Yuspa S H and Poirier M C 1997 Transplacental effects of 3¢-azido-2¢,3¢-dideoxythymidine (AZT): tumorigenicity in mice and genotoxicity in mice and monkeys; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89 1602–1608
Omar R F, Gourde P, Desormeaux A, Tremblay M, Beauchamp D and Bergeron M G 1996 In vivo toxicity of foscarnet and zidovudine given alone or in combination; Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 139 324–332
Oppenheimer G M 1992 Causes, cases, and cohorts: The role of epidemiology in the historical construction of AIDS; in AIDS: The making of a chronic disease (eds) E Fee and D M Fox (Berkeley: University of California Press) pp 49–83
Ostrow D G, Beltran E D, Joseph J G, DiFranceisco W, Wesch J and Chmiel J S 1993 Recreational drugs and sexual behaviour in the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort of homosexually active men; J. Substance Abuse 5 311–325
Ostrow D G, Van Raden M J, Fox R, Kingsley L A, Dudley J, Kaslow R A and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) 1990 Recreational drug use and sexual behaviour change in a cohort of homosexual men; Aids 4 759–765
Padian N S, Shiboski S C, Glass S O and Vittinghoff E 1997 Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Northern California: results from a ten-year study; Am. J. Epidemiol. 146 350–357
Palella F J Jr, Delaney K M, Moorman A C, Loveless M O, Fuhrer J, Satten G A, Aschman D J and Holmberg S D 1998 Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV outpatient Study Investigators; N. Engl. J. Med. 338 853–860
Pallangyo K J, Mbaga I M, Mugusi F, Mbena E, Mhalu F S, Bredberg U and Biberfeld G 1987 Clinical case definition of AIDS in African adults; Lancet 2 972
Pantaleo G, Menzo S, Vaccarezza M, Graziosi C, Cohen O J, Demarest J F, Montefiori D, Orenstein J M, Fox C, Schrager L K, Margolick J B, Buchbinder S, Giorgi J V and Fauci A S 1995 Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection; N. Engl. J. Med.332 209–216
Pauk J, Huang M L, Brodie S J, Wald A, Koelle D M, Schacker T, Celum C, Selke S and Corey L 2000 Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men; N. Engl. J. Med. 343 1369–1377
Phillips A N, Staszewski S, Weber R, Kirk O, Francioli P, Miller V, Vernazza P, Lundgren J D and Ledergerber B 2001 HIV Viral Load Response to Antiretroviral Therapy According to the Baseline CD4 Cell Count and Viral Load; Jama 286 2560–2567
Piot P, Quinn T C, Taelman H, Feinsod F M, Minlangu K B, Wobin O, Mbendi N, Mazebo P, Ndangi K, Stevens W et al 1984 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a heterosexual population in Zaire; Lancet 2 65–69
Pitcher C J, Quittner C, Peterson D M, Connors M, Koup R A, Maino V C and Picker L J 1999 HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection but decline with prolonged viral suppression; Nat. Med. 5 518–525
Pluda J M, Yarchoan R, Jaffe E S, Feuerstein I M, Solomon D, Steinberg S, Wyvill K M, Raubitschek A, Katz D and Broder S 1990 Development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a cohort of patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on long-term antiretroviral therapy; Ann. Int. Med. 113 276–282
Poznansky M C, Coker R, Skinner C, Hill A, Bailey S, Whitaker L, Renton A and Weber J 1995 HIV positive patients first presenting with an AIDS defining illness: characteristics and survival; Br. Med. J. 311 156–158
Quinn T C, Mann J M, Curran J W and Piot P 1986 AIDS in Africa: an epidemiological paradigm; Science 234 955–963
Quinn T C, Piot P, McCormick J B, Feinsod F M, Taelman H, Kapita B, Stevens W and Fauci A S 1987 Serologic and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS in North America and Africa: the potential role of infectious agents as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus infection; Jama 257 2617–2621
Race E M, Adelson-Mitty J, Kriegel G R, Barlam T F, Reimann K A, Letvin N L and Japour A J 1998 Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease; Lancet 351 252–255
Rappoport J 1988 AIDS INC (San Bruno, CA: Human Energy Press)
Rasnick D 1997 Kinetics analysis of consecutive HIV proteolytic cleavages of the Gag-Pol polyprotein; J. Biol. Chem. 272 6348–6353
Richman D D, Fischl M A, Grieco M H, Gottlieb M S, Volberding P A, Laskin O L, Leedom J M, Groopman J E, Mildvan D, Hirsch M S, Jackson G G, Durack D T, Nusinoff-Lehrman S and the AZT Collaborative Working Group 1987 The toxicity of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex; N. Engl. J. Med. 317 192–197
Robert Koch Institut 2000 HIV/AIDS-Halbjahresbericht I/2000; Epidemiol. Bulletin 15 September, pp 1–16
Rogers M F, Ou C-Y, Rayfield M, Thomas P A, Schoenbaum E E, Abrams E, Krasinski K, Selwyn P A, Moore J, Kaul A, Grimm K T, Bamji M, Schochetman G and the New York City Collaborative Study of Maternal HIV Transmission and Montefiori Medical Center HIV Perinatal Transmission Study Group 1989 Use of the polymerase chain reaction for early detection of the proviral sequences of human immunodeficiency virus in infants born to seropositive mothers; N. Engl. J. Med. 320 1649–1654
Root-Bernstein R 1993 Rethinking AIDS; The tragic cost of premature consensus (New York: Free Press)
Rosenberg M J and Weiner J M 1988 Prostitutes and AIDS: A health department priority?; Am. J. Public Health 78 418–423
Ross E 2003 Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya and the Malthusian paradigm in contemporary development thinking; in Reclaiming knowledge for diversity (ed.) M Pimbert (Earthscan) (in press)
Russell S 2001 Deceptive AIDS ads must stop, FDA says; San Francisco Chronicle, 28 April, p. A1, A13
Sabin C A, Phillips A N and Lee C A 1996 Response: arguments contradict the “foreign protein-zidovudine” hypothesis; Br. Med. J. 312 211–212
Sadownick D 1994 Kneeling at the Crystal Cathedral; Genre December/January, pp 40–45, 86–90
Saftig P, Hetman M, Schmahl W, Weber K, Heine L, Mossmann H, Koster A, Hess B, Evers M, von Figura K et al 1995 Mice deficient for the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin D exhibit progressive atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and profound destruction of lymphoid cells; EMBO J. 14 3599–3608
Sande M A 1986 Transmission of AIDS. The case against casual contagion; N. Engl. J. Med. 314 380–382
Saves M, Vandentorren S, Daucourt V, Marimoutou C, Dupon M, Couzigou P, Bernard N, Mercie P and Dabis F 1999 Severe hepatic cytolysis: incidence and risk factors in patients treated by antiretroviral combinations. Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1996–1998. Groupe dEpidemiologie Clinique de Sida en Aquitaine (GECSA); Aids 13 F115–121
Scalfaro P, Chesaux J J, Buchwalder P A, Biollaz J and Micheli J L 1998 Severe transient neonatal lactic acidosis during prophylactic zidovudine treatment; Intensive Care Med. 24 247–250
Schechter M T, Craib K J P, Gelmon K A, Montaner J S G, Le T N and O’Shaughnessy M V 1993 HIV-1 and the aetiologyof AIDS; Lancet 341 658–659
Schnittman S M, Psallidopoulos M C, Lane H C, Thompson L, Baseler M, Massari F, Fox C H, Salzman N P and Fauci A 1989 The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4; Science 245 305–308
Seligmann M, Chess L, Fahey J L, Fauci A S, Lachmann P J, L’Age-Stehr J, Ngu J, Pinching A J, Rosen F S, Spira T J and Wybran J 1984 AIDS–an immunologic reevaluation; N. Engl. J. Med. 311 1286–1292
Seligmann M, Warrell D A, Aboulker J-P, Carbon C, Darbyshire J H, Dormont J, Eschwege E, Girling D J, James D R, Levy J-P, Peto P T A, Schwarz D, Stone A B, Weller I V D, Withnall R, Gelmon K, Lafon E, Swart A M, Aber V R, Babiker A G, Lhoro S, Nunn A J and Vray M 1994 Concorde: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind controlled trial of immediate and deferred zidovudine in symptom-free HIVinfection; Lancet 343 871–881
Selik R M, Starcher E T and Curran J W 1987 Opportunistic diseases reported in AIDS patients: frequencies, associations, and trends; Aids 1 175–182
Shenton J 1998 Positively False: exposing the myths around HIV and AIDS (London/New York: IB Tauris)
Shilts R 1987 And the band played on (New York: St. Martin’s Press)
Simmonds P, Balfe P, Peutherer J F, Ludlam C A, Bishop J O and Leigh-Brown A J 1990 Human immunodeficiency virus infected
individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy numbers; J. Virol. 64 864–872
Smothers K 1991 Pharmacology and toxicology of AIDS therapies; AIDS Reader 1 29–35
Stedman's Medical Dictionary 1982 (Baltimore: Wiliams & Wilkins)
Stewart G T, Mhlongo S, de Harven E, Fiala C, Koehnlein C, Herxheimer A, Duesberg P, Rasnick D, Giraldo R, Kothari M, Bialy H and Geshekter C 2000 The Durban Declaration is not accepted by all; Nature (London) 407 286
Stolberg S 2001 In AIDS war, new weapons and new victims; New York Times, June 3, p. 1
Stoneburner R L, Des Jarlais D C, Benezra D, Gorelkin L, Sotheran J L, Friedman S R, Schultz S, Marmor M, Mildvan D and Maslansky R 1988 A larger spectrum of severe HIV-Irelated disease in intravenous drug users in New York City; Science 242 916–919
Szasz T 2001 The Therapeutic State: The Tyranny of Pharmacracy; The Independent Review, Spring, pp 485–501
Tanaka M 1996 Abrams cautious on use of new AIDS drugs; Synapse (University of California San Francisco) October 10, p. 1, 5
The Durban Declaration 2000 The Durban Declaration; Nature (London) 406 15–16
Thompson M B, Dunnick J K, Sutphin M E, Giles H D, Irwin R D and Prejean J D 1991 Hematologic toxicity of AZT and ddC administered as single agents and in combination to rats and mice; Fundamental Appl. Toxicol. 17 159–176
Till M and MacDonnell K B 1990 Myopathy with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: HIV-1 or zidovudine?; Ann. Int. Med. 113 492–494
Toltzis P, Mourton T and Magnuson T 1993 Effect of zidovudine on preimplantation murine embryos; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37 1610–1613
Toufexis A 1991 Innocent victims; Time May 13, pp 56–60 US Bureau of the Census International Data Base 2001 World population by region and development category: 1950–2025 (US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census)
Van de Perre P, Rouvroy D, Lepage P, Bogaerts J, Kestelyn P, Kayihigi J, Hekker A C, Butzler J P and Clumeck N 1984 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Rwanda; Lancet 2 62–65
Veugelers P J, Page K A, Tindall B, Schechter M T, Moss A R, Winkelstein W W, Cooper D A, Craib K J P, Charlebois E, Coutinho R A and Van Griensven G J P 1994 Determinants of HIV disease progression among homsexual men registered in the tricontinental seroconverter study; Am. J. Epidemiol. 140 747–758
Volberding P A, Lagakos S W, Koch M A, Pettinelli C, Myers M W, Booth D K, Balfour H H Jr, Reichman R C, Bartlett J A, Hirsch M S, Murphy R L, Hardy W D, Soeiro R, Fischl M A, Bartlett J G, Merigan T C, Hyslop N E, Richman D D, Valentine F T, Corey L and the AIDS Clinical Trial Group of the National Insitute of Allergy and Infectious Disease 1990 Zidovudine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: A controlled trial in persons with fewer than 500 CD4-positive cells per cubic millimeter; N. Engl. J. Med. 322 941–949
Ward J W, Bush T J, Perkins H A, Lieb L E, Allen J R, Goldfinger D, Samson S M, Pepkowitz S H, Fernando L P, Holland P V, Kleinman S H, Grindon A J, Garner J L, Rutherford G W and Holmberg S D 1989 The natural history of trasfusion-associated infection with human immunodeficiency virus; N. Engl. J. Med. 321 947–952
Wei X, Ghosh S K, Taylor M E, Johnson V A, Emini E A, Deutsch P, Lifson J D, Bonhoeffer S, Nowak M A, Hahn B H, Saag M S and Shaw G M 1995 Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection; Nature (London) 373 117–122
Weiss R 1991 Provenance of HIV strains; Nature (London) 349 374
Weiss R and Jaffe H 1990 Duesberg HIV and AIDS; Nature (London) 345 659–660
White House Office of National Drug Control Policy 1998 Fact Sheet: Drug data summary (DHSS, The White House)
Woody G E, VanEtten-Lee M L, McKirnan D, Donnell D, Metzger D, Seage G III and Gross M 2001 Substance use among men who have sex with men: comparison with a national household survey; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 27 86–90
World Health Organization 1986 Provisional WHO clinical case definition for AIDS; Weekly Epidemiological Records, March 7, 10 72–73
World Health Organization 1999 Global AIDS surveillance, Part II; Weekly Epidemiological Records 74 (3 December) 409–411
World Health Organization 2000 Global AIDS surveillance, Part I; Weekly Epidemiological Records 75 (26 November) 379–383
World Health Organization 2001a Global AIDS surveillance, Part II; Weekly Epidemiological Records 76 (50) 390–396
World Health Organization 2001b Global situation of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, end 2001 Part I; Weekly EpidemiologicalRecords 76 (49) 381–384
Zhang L, Yu W, He T, Yu J, Caffrey R E, Dalmasso E A, Fu S, Pham T, Mei J, Ho J J, Zhang W, Lopez P and Ho D D 2002 Contribution of Human {alpha}-Defensin-1, -2 and -3 to the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of CD8 Antiviral Factor; Science 298 995–2000
Zuger A 2001 A molecular offspring, off to join the AIDS wars; New York Times, 20 March, p. D7

 

 

Page précédente

Partager cet article
Repost0
Pour être informé des derniers articles, inscrivez vous :
Commenter cet article